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The Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) satellite has been in orbit since2008 and detects energy-resolved energetic neutral atoms (ENAs) originatingfrom the heliosphere. Different regions of the heliosphere generate ENAs atdifferent rates. It is of scientific interest to take the data collected byIBEX and estimate spatial maps of heliospheric ENA rates (referred to as skymaps) at higher resolutions than before. These sky maps will subsequently beused to discern between competing theories of heliosphere properties that arenot currently possible. The data IBEX collects present challenges to sky mapestimation. The two primary challenges are noisy and irregularly spaced datacollection and the IBEX instrumentation's point spread function. In essence,the data collected by IBEX are both noisy and biased for the underlying sky mapof inferential interest. In this paper, we present a two-stage sky mapestimation procedure called Theseus. In Stage 1, Theseus estimates a blurredsky map from the noisy and irregularly spaced data using an ensemble approachthat leverages projection pursuit regression and generalized additive models.In Stage 2, Theseus deblurs the sky map by deconvolving the PSF with theblurred map using regularization. Unblurred sky map uncertainties are computedvia bootstrapping. We compare Theseus to a method closely related to the oneoperationally used today by the IBEX Science Operation Center (ISOC) on bothsimulated and real data. Theseus outperforms ISOC in nearly every consideredmetric on simulated data, indicating that Theseus is an improvement over thecurrent state of the art.

Towards Improved Heliosphere Sky Map Estimation with Theseus