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Carbon dioxide (CO2) storage reservoirs commonly exhibit sedimentaryarchitecture that reflects fluvial deposition. The heterogeneity inpetrophysical properties arising from this architecture influences the dynamicsof injected CO2. We previously used a geocellular modeling approach torepresent this heterogeneity, including heterogeneity in constitutivesaturation relationships. The dynamics of CO2 plumes in fluvial reservoirs wasinvestigated during and after injection. It was shown that small-scale(centimeter to meter) features play a critical role in capillary trappingprocesses and have a primary effect on physical- and dissolution-trapping ofCO2, and on the ultimate distribution of CO2 in the reservoir. Heterogeneity insaturation functions at that small scale enhances capillary trapping (snapoff), creates capillary pinning, and increases the surface area of the plume.The understanding of these small-scale trapping processes from previous work ishere used to develop effective saturation relationships that represent, at alarger scale, the integral effect of these processes. While it is generally notcomputationally feasible to represent the small-scale heterogeneity directly ina typical reservoir simulation, the effective saturation relationships forcapillary pressure and relative permeability presented here, along with aneffective intrinsic permeability, allow better representation of the totalphysical trapping at the scale of larger model grid cells, as typically used inreservoir simulations, and thus the approach diminishes limits on cell size anddecreases simulation time in reservoir simulations.

Effective Constitutive Relations for Simulating CO2 Capillary Trapping in Heterogeneous Reservoirs with Fluvial Sedimentary Architecture