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Ambient backscatter communication (AmBC) leverages the existing ambient radiofrequency (RF) environment to implement communication with battery-freedevices. One critical challenge of AmBC systems is signal recovery because thetransmitted information bits are embedded in the ambient RF signals and theseare unknown and uncontrollable. To address this problem, most existingapproaches use averaging-based energy detectors and consequently the data rateis low and there is an error floor. Here we propose a new detection strategybased on the ratio between signals received from a multiple-antenna Reader. Theadvantage of using the ratio is that ambient RF signals are removed directlyfrom the embedded signals without averaging and hence it can increase datarates and avoid the error floor. Different from original ratio detectors thatuse the magnitude ratio of the signals between two Reader antennas, in ourproposed approach, we utilize the complex ratio so that phase information ispreserved and propose an accurate linear channel model approximation. Thisallows the application of existing linear detection techniques from which wecan obtain a minimum distance detector and closed-form expressions for biterror rate (BER). In addition, averaging, coding and interleaving can also beincluded to further enhance the BER. The results are also general, allowing anynumber of Reader antennas to be utilized in the approach. Numerical resultsdemonstrate that the proposed approach performs better than approaches based onenergy detection and original ratio detectors.

An Efficient Ratio Detector for Ambient Backscatter Communication