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We propose design methodologies for building a compact, unified andprogrammable cryptoprocessor architecture that computes post-quantum keyagreement and digital signature. Synergies in the two types of cryptographicprimitives are used to make the cryptoprocessor compact. As a case study, thecryptoprocessor architecture has been optimized targeting the signature scheme'CRYSTALS-Dilithium' and the key encapsulation mechanism (KEM) 'Saber', bothfinalists in the NIST's post-quantum cryptography standardization project. Theprogrammable cryptoprocessor executes key generations, encapsulations,decapsulations, signature generations, and signature verifications for all thesecurity levels of Dilithium and Saber. On a Xilinx Ultrascale+ FPGA, theproposed cryptoprocessor consumes 18,406 LUTs, 9,323 FFs, 4 DSPs, and 24 BRAMs.It achieves 200 MHz clock frequency and finishes CCA-securekey-generation/encapsulation/decapsulation operations for LightSaber in29.6/40.4/58.3$\mu$s; for Saber in 54.9/69.7/94.9$\mu$s; and for FireSaber in87.6/108.0/139.4$\mu$s, respectively. It finishes key-generation/sign/verifyoperations for Dilithium-2 in 70.9/151.6/75.2$\mu$s; for Dilithium-3 in114.7/237/127.6$\mu$s; and for Dilithium-5 in 194.2/342.1/228.9$\mu$s,respectively, for the best-case scenario. On UMC 65nm library for ASIC thelatency is improved by a factor of two due to a 2x increase in clock frequency.

A Unified Cryptoprocessor for Lattice-based Signature and Key-exchange