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For medical cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging, the native receptorarray of the flat-panel detector (FPD) is usually binned into a reduced matrixsize. By doing so, the signal readout speed can be increased by over 4-9 timesat the expense of sacrificing the spatial resolution by at least 50%-67%.Clearly, such tradition poses a main bottleneck in generating high spatialresolution and high temporal resolution CBCT images at the same time. Inaddition, the conventional FPD is also difficult in generating dual-energy CBCTimages. In this paper, we propose an innovative super resolution dual-energyCBCT imaging method, named as suRi, based on dual-layer FPD (DL-FPD) toovercome these aforementioned difficulties at once. With suRi, specifically, an1D or 2D sub-pixel (half pixel in this study) shifted binning is applied toreplace the conventionally aligned binning to double the spatial sampling rateduring the dual-energy data acquisition. As a result, the suRi approachprovides a new strategy to enable high signal readout speed and high spatialresolution CBCT imaging with FPD. Moreover, a penalized likelihood materialdecomposition algorithm is developed to directly reconstruct the highresolution bases from the dual-energy CBCT projections containing spatialsub-pixel shifts. Experiments based on the single-layer FPD and DL-FPD areperformed with physical phantoms and biological specimen to validate this newlydeveloped suRi method. The synthesized monochromatic CT imaging resultsdemonstrate that suRi can significantly improve the spatial image resolution by46.15%. We believe the developed suRi method would be capable to greatlyenhance the imaging performance of the DL-FPD based dual-energy CBCT systems infuture.

Super resolution dual-energy cone-beam CT imaging with dual-layer flat-panel detector