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The realization of lossless metasurfaces with true chirality cruciallyrequires the fabrication of three-dimensional structures, constraining theirfeasibility for experiments and hampering practical implementations. Eventhough the three-dimensional assembly of metallic nanostructures has beendemonstrated previously, the resulting plasmonic resonances suffer from highintrinsic and radiative losses. The concept of photonic bound states in thecontinuum (BICs) is instrumental for tailoring radiative losses in diversegeometries, especially when implemented using lossless dielectrics, butapplications have so far been limited to planar and intrinsically achiralstructures. Here, we introduce a novel nanofabrication approach to unlock theheight of generally flat all-dielectric metasurfaces as an accessible parameterfor efficient resonance and functionality control. In particular, we realizeout-of-plane symmetry breaking in quasi-BIC metasurfaces and leverage thisdesign degree of freedom to demonstrate, for the first time, an opticalall-dielectric quasi-BIC metasurface with maximum intrinsic chirality thatresponds selectively to light of a particular circular polarization dependingon the structural handedness. Our experimental results not only open a newparadigm for all-dielectric BICs and chiral nanophotonics but also promiseadvances in the realization of efficient generation of optical angularmomentum, holographic metasurfaces, and parity-time symmetry-broken opticalsystems.

Unlocking the out-of-plane dimension for photonic bound states in the continuum to achieve maximum optical chirality