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Limited surface observations of turbulent heat fluxes result in incompleteknowledge about the surface energy balance that drives the climate system.Here, we developed a novel, purely physics-based analytical method grounded onthe thermodynamic principle of maximum power. The approach derives theturbulent heat flux only from the four inputs of incoming and outgoingradiations at the land surface. The proposed approach does not use anyparameterization, unlike the existing surface energy balance models, and hencedoes not suffer from uncertainty due to the same. We validated our methodologywith 102 eddy covariance observation stations around the globe with differentland use land covers. Using the satellite observations from CERES at a spatialresolution of 1 degree, we have obtained spatially distributed globalanalytical estimates of Sensible (H), latent heat (LE), and land surface heatstorage (delQs) fluxes for the first time. For a global observed land Netradiation of 84 W/m2 from the satellite, we found H, LE and delQs to be 42W/m2, 40 W/m2 and 2 W/m2, respectively. The theoretical and precise estimatesof all surface energy balance components will improve our understanding ofsurface warming for different land use land covers across the globe.

Global Estimates of Spatially Distributed Surface Energy Fluxes using Thermodynamic Principles