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Inspired by structural colors in avian species, various synthetic strategieshave been developed to produce non-iridescent, saturated colors usingnanoparticle assemblies. Mixtures of nanoparticles varying in particlechemistry (or complex refractive indices) and particle size have additionalemergent properties that impact the color produced. For such complexmulti-component systems, an understanding of assembled structure along with arobust optical modeling tool can empower scientists to perform intensivestructure-color relationship studies and fabricate designer materials withtailored color. Here, we demonstrate how we can reconstruct the assembledstructure from small-angle scattering measurements using the computationalreverse-engineering analysis for scattering experiments (CREASE) method andthen use the reconstructed structure in finite-difference time-domain (FDTD)calculations to predict color. We successfully, quantitatively predictexperimentally observed color in mixtures containing strongly absorbing melaninnanoparticles and demonstrate the influence of a single layer of segregatednanoparticles on color produced. The versatile computational approach presentedin this work is useful for engineering synthetic materials with desired colorswithout laborious trial and error experiments.

Mechanism of Structural Colors in Binary Mixtures of Nanoparticle-based Supraballs