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This paper studies low-power random access protocols for timely status updatesystems with information freshness requirements, measured by age of information(AoI). In an extensive network, a fundamental challenge is scheduling a largenumber of transmitters to access the wireless channel in a way that achieveslow network-wide AoI while consuming minimal power. Conventional packet-basedrandom access protocols involve transmitters contending for the channel bysending their entire data packets. When the packet duration is long, the timewasted due to packet collisions can be significant. In contrast,connection-based random access protocols establish connections with thereceiver before transmitting data packets. From an information freshnessperspective, there should be conditions that favor one approach over the other.We present a comparative study of the average AoI of packet-based andconnection-based random access protocols. Specifically, we consider frameslotted Aloha (FSA) as a representative of packet-based random access anddesign a request-then-access (RTA) protocol for connection-based random access.Our analyses indicate that the choice between packet-based or connection-basedprotocols depends mainly on the payload size of update packets and the transmitpower budget. In particular, RTA saves power and significantly reduces AoI,especially when the payload size is large. Overall, our investigation offersinsights into the practical design of random access protocols for low-powertimely status update systems.

Low-Power Random Access for Timely Status Update: Packet-based or Connection-based?