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Semi-quantum protocols construct connections between quantum users and``classical'' users who can only perform certain ``classical'' operations. Inthis paper, we present a new semi-quantum private comparison protocol based onentangled states and single particles, which does not require pre-shared keysbetween the ``classical'' users to guarantee the security of their privatedata. By utilizing multi-particle entangled states and single particles, ourprotocol can be easily extended to multi-party scenarios to meet therequirements of multiple ``classical'' users who want to compare their privatedata. The security analysis shows that the protocol can effectively preventattacks from outside eavesdroppers and adversarial participants. Besides, wegeneralize the proposed protocol to other semi-quantum protocols such assemi-quantum key agreement, semi-quantum summation, and semi-quantum anonymousranking protocols. We compare and discuss the proposed protocols with previoussimilar protocols. The results show that our protocols satisfy the demands oftheir respective counterparts separately. Therefore, our protocols have a widerange of application scenarios.

Semi-quantum private comparison and its generalization to the key agreement, summation, and anonymous ranking