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A potential crewed mission to Mars would require us to solve a number ofproblems, including how to protect astronauts against the devastating effectsof energetic charged particles from Solar and Galactic sources. The radiationenvironment on Mars is of particular interest, since maintaining optimalabsorbed doses by astronauts is crucial to their survival. Here, we give anoverview of the conditions on Mars, as determined by theoretical models andin-situ measurements, and present the main proposed strategies to mitigateradiation exposure while on Mars. Specifically, we focus on the passiveshielding technique. Several widely used materials, along with some innovativeones and combinations of those, are studied for their behavior against SolarEnergetic Particle Events and Galactic Cosmic Rays in the Martian environment.For that purpose, we implement the GEANT4 package, a Monte-Carlo numericalmodel developed by CERN, which is specifically applied to simulate interactionsof radiation with matter. A description of our model will be given, followed byoutputs of the numerical model. We conclude that hydrogen-rich materials act asbetter attenuators, as expected, but other materials can be helpful againstcosmic rays too.

Radiation protection and shielding materials for crewed missions on the surface of Mars