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Feed-forward dynamics, which is well-known to have several importantimplications in nonlinear dynamical systems, frequently occurs in geneexpression motifs, and has been well explored experimentally andmathematically. However, dependency of the components of a genetic circuit uponits host, due to the requirement for resources like ribosome, ATP,transcription factors, tRNA, etc., and related effects are of utmostimportance, which is commonly ignored in mathematical models. In aresource-limited environment, two apparently unconnected genes can compete forresources for their respective expression and may exhibit indirect regulatoryconnection; an emergent response thus arises in the system completely becauseof resource competition. In this work, we have shown how the responses of thefeed-forward loop (FFL), a well-studied regulatory genetic motif, can berecreated considering the resource competition in a three-gene pathway.Exploring the genetic system with temporal as well as spatiotemporal stabilityanalysis, interesting transient and steady-state responses have been observed.The genetic motifs explored in this paper show many of the characteristicfeatures of the conventional FFL structure, like response delay and pulsegeneration. Most interestingly, in a two-dimensional cellular arrangement,characteristic pattern formation under a concentration gradient of inputsignals have also been observed. This study pinpoints a larger area of researchand exploration in synthetic and cellular systems, which will reveal novelcontrolling ideas and unique behavioral changes in the system for its contextdependencies.

Resource competition in Three-gene-motif & Emergence of Feed-forward response: A Spatiotemporal Study