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The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is a developing research area withpotential global Internet connectivity, turning everyday objects intointelligent devices with more autonomous activities. IIoT services andapplications are not only being used in smart homes and smart cities, but theyhave also become an essential element of the Industry 4.0 concept. Theemergence of the IIoT helps traditional industries simplify productionprocesses, reduce production costs, and improve industrial efficiency. However,the involvement of many heterogeneous devices, the use of third-party software,and the resource-constrained nature of the IoT devices bring new security risksto the production chain and expose vulnerabilities to the systems. TheDistributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks are significant, among others.This article analyzes the threats and attacks in the IIoT and discusses howDDoS attacks impact the production process and communication dysfunctions withIIoT services and applications. This article also proposes a reference securityframework that enhances the advantages of fog computing to demonstratecountermeasures against DDoS attacks and possible strategies to mitigate suchattacks at scale.

A Fog-Based Security Framework for Large-Scale Industrial Internet of Things Environments