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One of the critical longstanding issues in nuclear physics is the origin ofthe heavy elements such as platinum and uranium. The r-process hypothesis isgenerally supported as the process through which heavy elements are formed viaexplosive rapid neutron capture. Many of the nuclei involved in heavy-elementsynthesis are unidentified, short-lived, neutron-rich nuclei, and experimentaldata on their masses, half-lives, excited states, decay modes, and reactionrates with neutron etc., are incredibly scarce. The ultimate goal is tounderstand the origin of uranium. The nuclei along the pathway to uranium inthe r-process are in "Terra Incognita". In principle, as many of these nuclideshave more neutrons than 238U, this region is inaccessible via the in-flightfragmentation reactions and in-flight fission reactions used at the presentmajor facilities worldwide. Therefore, the multi-nucleon transfer (MNT)reaction, which has been studied at the KEK Isotope Separation System (KISS),is attracting attention. However, in contrast to in-flight fission andfragmentation, the nuclei produced by the MNT reaction have characteristickinematics with broad angular distribution and relatively low energies whichmakes them non-amenable to in-flight separation techniques. KISS-II would bethe first facility to effectively connect production, separation, and analysisof nuclides along the r-process path leading to uranium. This will beaccomplished by the use of a large solenoid to collect MNT products whilerejecting the intense primary beam, a large helium gas catcher to thermalizethe MNT products, and an MRTOF mass spectrograph to perform mass analysis andisobaric purification of subsequent spectroscopic studies. The facility willfinally allow us to explore the neutron-rich nuclides in this Terra Incognita.

Design report of the KISS-II facility for exploring the origin of uranium