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Ice cores are known to yield information about astronomical phenomena as wellas information about past climate. We report time series analyses of annuallyresolved nitrate variations in an ice core, drilled at the Dome Fuji station inEast Antarctica, corresponding to the period from CE 1610 to 1904. Our analysesrevealed clear evidence of ~11, ~22, and ~90 year periodicities, comparable tothe respective periodicities of the well-known Schwabe, Hale, and Gleissbergsolar cycles. Our results show for the first time that nitrate concentrationsin an ice core can be used as a proxy for past solar activity on decadal tomultidecadal time scales. Furthermore, 11-year and 22-year periodicities weredetected in nitrate variations even during the Maunder Minimum (1645-1715),when sunspots were almost absent. This discovery may support cyclic behavior ofthe solar dynamo during the grand solar minimum.

Eleven-year, 22-year and ~90-year solar cycles discovered in nitrate concentrations in a Dome Fuji (Antarctica) ice core