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Samuil Kaplan (1921-1978) was a productive and famous astrophysicist. He wasaffiliated with a number of scientific centers in different cities of formerSoviet Union. The earliest 13 years of his career, namely in the 1948-1961years, he worked in Lviv University in Ukraine (then it was called theUkrainian Soviet Socialist Republic). In the present paper, the Lviv period ofhis life and scientific activity is described on the basis of archivalmaterials and his published studies. Kaplan arrived in Lviv in June 1948, atthe same month when he obtained the degree of Candidate of science. He was ahead of the astrophysics sector at the Astronomical Observatory of theUniversity, was a professor of department for theoretical physics as well asthe founder and head of a station for optical observations of artificialsatellites of Earth. He was active in the organization of the astronomicalobservational site outside of the city. During the years in Lviv, Kaplan wrotemore than 80 articles and 3 monographs in 9 areas. The focus of his interestsat that time was on stability of circular orbits in the Schwarzschild field, onwhite dwarf theory, on space gas dynamics, and cosmic plasma physics, andturbulence, on acceleration of cosmic rays, on physics of interstellar medium,on physics and evolution of stars, on cosmology and gravitation, and on opticalobservations of Earth artificial satellites. Some of his results arefundamental for development of theory in these fields as well as ofobservational techniques. The complete bibliography of his works publishedduring the Lviv period is presented. Respective scientific achievements ofSamuil Kaplan are reviewed in the light of the current state of research inthese areas.

Samuil Kaplan and the development of astrophysical research at the Lviv University (dedicated to the 100th anniversary of his birth)