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The need for quantitative characterization of the solar energetic particle(SEP) dynamics goes beyond being an academic discipline only. It has numerouspractical implications related to human activity in space. The terrestrialmagnetic field shields the International Space Station (ISS) and most uncrewedmissions from exposure to SEP radiation. However, extreme SEP events with hardenergy spectra are particularly rich in hundreds of MeV to several GeV protonsthat can reach the altitudes of the Low Earth Orbit (LEO). These protons have ahigh penetrating capability, thus producing significant radiation hazards forhuman spaceflight. SEPs also have a significant effect on the atmosphere.Sudden ionization of the upper atmosphere at high latitudes that occurs duringpolar cap absorption (PCA) events can block high frequency (HF) communicationfor hours, affecting communication with aircraft on intercontinentalhigh-altitude flights. Another effect of SEPs in the atmosphere is creating NOxmolecules in the upper atmosphere that can deplete the atmospheric ozonepopulation. The paper also presents an analysis of (1) how various pitch anglediffusion coefficient approximations affect the properties of the simulatedSEPs population and (2) discusses how pitch angle scattering when SEPs arebeyond 1 AU affects a SEP event decay phase at the Earth's orbit.

Application of the Monte Carlo Method in Modeling Transport and Acceleration of Solar Energetic Particles