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We developed and evaluated a method for dose calibration andmonitoring under conventional and ultra-high dose rates for small animalexperiments with small-field proton beams using a Faraday cup.  Methods: We determined a relationship between dose and optical density (OD)of EBT-XD Gafchromic film using scanned 10x10 cm2 proton pencil beams deliveredat clinical dose rates; the dose was measured with an Advanced Markus chamber.On a small animal proton irradiation platform, double-scattered pencil beamswith 5 or 8 mm diameter brass collimation at conventional and ultra-high doserates were delivered to the EBT-XD films. The proton fluence charges werecollected by a Faraday cup placed downstream from the film. The average of theirradiated film ODs was related to the Faraday cup charges. A conversion fromthe Faraday cup charge to the average dose of the small-field proton beam wasthen obtained.  Results: The relationship between the small-field average profile dose andFaraday cup charge was established for 10 and 15 Gy mice FLASH experiments. Thefilm OD was found to be independent of dose rate. At small-animal treatments,the Faraday cup readings were conveniently used to QA and monitor the delivereddose and dose rates to the mice under conventional and ultra-high dose rates.  Conclusion: The dose calibration and monitoring method with Faraday cup forsmall animal proton FLASH experiments is time-efficient and cost-effective andcan be used for irradiations of various small field sizes. The same approachcan also be adopted for clinical proton dosimetry for small-field irradiations.

An efficient dosimetry method with a Faraday cup for small animal, small-field proton irradiation under conventional and ultra-high dose rates