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Femtosecond light pulses carrying optical angular momentums (OAMs),possessing intriguing properties of helical phase fronts and ultrafast temporalprofiles, enable many applications in nonlinear optics, strong-field physicsand laser micro-machining. While generation of OAM-carrying ultrafast pulsesand their interactions with matters have been intensively studied inexperiments, three-dimensional characterization of ultrafast OAM-carrying lightbeams in spatio-temporal domain has, however, proved difficult to achieve.Conventional measurement schemes rely on the use of a reference pulsed lightbeam which needs to be well-characterized in its phase front and to havesufficient overlap and coherence with the beam under test, largely limitingpractical applications of these schemes. Here we demonstrate a self-referencingset-up based on a tilted interferometer that can be used to measure completespatio-temporal information of OAM-carrying femtosecond pulses with differenttopological charges. Through scanning one interferometer arm, the spectralphase over the pulse spatial profile can be obtained using the tiltedinterference signal, and the temporal envelope of the light field at oneparticular position around its phase singularity can be retrievedsimultaneously, enabling three-dimensional beam reconstruction. Thisself-referencing technique, capable of measuring spatio-temporal ultrafastoptical-vortex beams, may find many applications in fields of nonlinear opticsand light-matter interactions.

Self-referencing 3D characterization of ultrafast optical-vortex beams using tilted interference TERMITES technique