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Strong magnetic fields at plasma-plasma interfaces can be naturally producedin laser-plasma interactions. Using theoretical analysis and fullythree-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations, we demonstrate thatrelativistic topological waves can be generated via Cherenkov and Dopplerresonances in the interaction of intense femtosecond laser pulses withnear-critical-density plasmas. At the self-magnetized plasma-plasma interface,a new slow-wave branch appears. Its phase velocity is much smaller than thegroup velocity of the laser pulse and the electron beam velocity. Therefore,the Cherenkov resonance condition can be easily satisfied. Furthermore, sinceelectrons undergo betatron oscillations, Doppler resonances may also occur andare responsible for the excitation of several frequency-shifted branchesobserved in our simulations. After the passage of the laser pulse, we observe afast remnant mode with relativistic amplitude and frequency close to the localplasma frequency. This mode continues to accelerate electrons further for manytens of laser periods even after the laser pulse has left the plasma.

Relativistic Topological Waves from Cherenkov and Doppler Resonances in Self-Magnetized Laser Plasmas