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The Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) spacecraft will impact into theasteroid Dimorphos on September 26, 2022 as a test of the kinetic impactortechnique for planetary defense. The efficiency of the deflection following akinetic impactor can be represented using the momentum enhancement factor,Beta, which is dependent on factors such as impact geometry and the specifictarget material properties. Currently, very little is known about Dimorphos andits material properties that introduces uncertainty in the results of thedeflection efficiency observables, including crater formation, ejectadistribution, and Beta. The DART Impact Modeling Working Group (IWG) isresponsible for using impact simulations to better understand the results ofthe DART impact. Pre-impact simulation studies also provide considerableinsight into how different properties and impact scenarios affect momentumenhancement following a kinetic impact. This insight provides a basis forpredicting the effects of the DART impact and the first understanding of how tointerpret results following the encounter. Following the DART impact, theknowledge gained from these studies will inform the initial simulations thatwill recreate the impact conditions, including providing estimates forpotential material properties of Dimorphos and Beta resulting from DARTsimpact. This paper summarizes, at a high level, what has been learned from theIWG simulations and experiments in preparation for the DART impact. Whileunknown, estimates for reasonable potential material properties of Dimorphosprovide predictions for Beta of 1-5, depending on end-member cases in thestrength regime.

Effects of impact and target parameters on the results of a kinetic impactor: predictions for the Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) mission