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Consensus algorithms are deployed in the wide area to achieve highavailability for geographically replicated applications. Wide-area consensus ischallenging due to two main reasons: (1) low throughput due to the high latencyoverhead of client request dissemination and (2) network asynchrony that causesconsensus protocols to lose liveness. In this paper, we propose Mandator andSporades, a modular state machine replication algorithm that enables highperformance and resiliency in the wide-area setting.  To address the high client request dissemination overhead challenge, wepropose Mandator, a novel consensus-agnostic asynchronous dissemination layer.Mandator separates client request dissemination from the critical path ofconsensus to obtain high performance. Composing Mandator with Multi-Paxos(Mandator-Paxos) delivers significantly high throughput under synchronousnetworks. However, under asynchronous network conditions, Mandator-Paxos losesliveness which results in high latency. To achieve low latency and robustnessunder asynchrony, we propose Sporades, a novel omission fault-tolerantconsensus algorithm. Sporades consists of two modes of operations --synchronous and asynchronous -- that always ensure liveness. The combination ofMandator and Sporades (Mandator-Sporades) provides a robust and high-performingstate machine replication system.  We implement and evaluate Mandator-Sporades in a wide-area deployment runningon Amazon EC2. Our evaluation shows that in the synchronous execution,Mandator-Sporades achieves 300k tx/sec throughput in less than 900ms latency,outperforming Multi-Paxos, EPaxos and Rabia by 650\% in throughput, at a modestexpense of latency. Furthermore, we show that Mandator-Sporades outperformsMandator-Paxos, Multi-Paxos, and EPaxos in the face of targeted distributeddenial-of-service attacks.

Mandator and Sporades: Robust Wide-Area Consensus with Efficient Request Dissemination