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While previous experimental and numerical studies of dilute micro-swimmersuspensions have focused on the behaviours of swimmers in the bulk flow andnear boundaries, models typically do not account for the interplay between bulkflow and the choice of boundary conditions imposed in continuum models. In ourwork, we highlight the effect of boundary conditions on the bulk flowdistributions, such as through the development of boundary layers or secondarypeaks of cell accumulation in bulk-flow swimmer dynamics. For the case of adilute swimmer suspension in Poiseuille flow, we compare the distribution (inphysical and orientation space) obtained from individual based stochasticmodels with those from continuum models, and identify mathematically sensiblecontinuum boundary conditions for different physical scenarios (i.e. specularreflection, uniform random reflection and absorbing boundaries). We identifythat the spread of preferred cell orientations is dependent on the interplaybetween rotation driven by the shear flow (Jeffery orbits) and rotationaldiffusion. We find that in the absence of hydrodynamic wall-interactions,swimmers preferentially approach the walls perpendicular to the surface in thepresence of high rotational diffusion, and that the preferential approach ofswimmers to the walls is shape-dependent at low rotational diffusion (whensuspensions tend towards a fully deterministic case). In the latter case, thepreferred orientations are nearly parallel to the surface for elongatedswimmers and nearly perpendicular to the surface for near-spherical swimmers.Furthermore, we highlight the effects of swimmer geometries and shearthroughout the bulk-flow on swimmer trajectories and show how the full historyof bulk-flow dynamics affects the orientation distributions of micro-swimmerwall incidence.

The interplay between bulk flow and boundary conditions on the distribution of micro-swimmers in channel flow