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In emergency scenarios, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can be deployed toassist localization and communication services for ground terminals. In thispaper, we propose a new integrated air-ground networking paradigm that usesdual-functional UAVs to assist the ground networks for improving bothcommunication and localization performance. We investigate the optimizationproblem of deploying the minimal number of UAVs to satisfy the communicationand localization requirements of ground users. The problem has severaltechnical difficulties including the cardinality minimization, thenon-convexity of localization performance metric regarding UAV location, andthe association between user and communication terminal. To tackle thedifficulties, we adopt D-optimality as the localization performance metric, andderive the geometric characteristics of the feasible UAV hovering regions in 2Dand 3D based on accurate approximation values. We solve the simplified 2Dprojection deployment problem by transforming the problem into a minimumhitting set problem, and propose a low-complexity algorithm to solve it.Through numerical simulations, we compare our proposed algorithm with benchmarkmethods. The number of UAVs required by the proposed algorithm is close to theoptimal solution, while other benchmark methods require much more UAVs toaccomplish the same task.

Deployment Optimization of Dual-functional UAVs for Integrated Localization and Communication