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In this work, the high-energy-density plasmas (HEDP) evolved fromjoule-class-femtosecond-laser-irradiated nanowire array (NWA) targets arenumerically and experimentally studied. The particle-in-cell (PIC) simulationsindicate that ions accelerated in the sheath field around the nanowires'surface were eventually confined in NWA plasma, contributing most to the highenergy densities. The protons emitted from the front surface of targets providerich information about the interaction. The electron and ion energy densitiesin a broad target parameter range are given. Compared to planar targets, theion energy density is one order of magnitude higher, and the volume of the HEDPis several-fold larger. At optimal target parameters, 8% of the laser energycan be converted to confined protons and results in ion energy densities of upto GJ/cm3 level. Experimental measurements of the emitted ions and neutronsfrom 2H(d, n)3He fusion from polyethylene and deuterated polyethylene NWAtargets confirm the above results.

High-energy-density plasma in femtosecond-laser-irradiated nanowire array targets for nuclear reactions