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The growing frequencies of extreme weather events and cyberattacks give riseto a novel threat where a malicious cyber actor aims to disrupt stressedcomponents of critical infrastructure systems immediately before, during, orshortly after an extreme weather event. In this paper, we initiate the study ofCompound Cyber-Physical Threats and develop a two-stage framework for theanalysis of operational disruptions in electric power networks and economy-wideimpacts under three scenarios: a Heatwave, a Cyberattack, and a Compoundscenario when the Cyberattack is timed with the Heatwave. In the first stage,we use a bilevel optimization problem to represent the adversarial rationale ofa cyberattacker in the upper level. In the lower level, we model disruptions inthe electric power network using an optimal power flow model. In the secondstage, we couple the disruption of electricity supply with a Computable GeneralEquilibrium model to elucidate the impacts on all economic sectors. For the NewYork Independent System Operator, we find that a 9% demand increase in aHeatwave may not lead to unserved load. The Cyberattack can lead to 4% ofunserved electric load in Long Island, while the Compound scenario can increaseunserved electric load in Long Island to 13% and affect almost 600,000customers. Our results show that the activity of state and local governmententerprises can decrease by 30% in the Compound scenario. We conclude that thevulnerability of federal, state, and local government enterprises toelectricity disruptions can affect a broad range of populations.

Operational and Economy-Wide Impacts of Compound Cyberattacks and Extreme Weather Events on Electric Power Networks