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Time variation has been recently introduced as an additional degree offreedom for wave engineering, that enables going beyond the performances thatare expected by linear time-invariant (LTI) systems. In this paper, weintroduce the concept of indirect time-modulation of antennas using an add-ontime-varying scatterer (parasitic element) that gives rise to an inherentfeedback mechanism via the airborne wave system. As opposed to a directmodulated system where a time-dependent element is in contact with the otherelements, in an indirect time modulation scheme \emph{no} direct physicalcontact between the original LTI network and the time-varying add-on scattereris needed, thus leading to additional flexibility in the design. Using indirecttime modulation we demonstrate enhanced effective coupling between remoteantenna elements, and the possibility to outperform the gain-bandwidth achievedfor the same antenna structure but without time-modulation.

Parasitic Element Time-Modulation for Enhanced Effective Inter-Antenna Coupling: Utilization for Improved Gain-Bandwidth