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Estimates of greenhouse gas emissions from Arctic estuarine environments aredominated by in situ summer-time ice-free dissolved gas measurements due to thelogistical ease of performing field observations in these conditions. Recentevidence in coastal Arctic environments, however, has demonstrated thatdissolved methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) are strongly seasonallyvariable, and at least one significant gas ventilation event occurs during thespring freshet. Whether the Arctic serves as a source or sink of greenhouseemissions has significant implications on modeling climate change and itsfeedback mechanisms. To enable higher resolution spatiotemporal measurements ofdissolved gases in typically undersampled conditions, remotely operatedvehicles (ROVs) can be used to extract near continuous water samples below icebefore and during the spring freshet. Here, we present a size, weight, andpower-constrained (SWAP) underwater vehicle (UV) and novel geochemical samplingsystem suitable for taking under-ice geochemical observations and demonstratethe proposed system in a field-analog setting for Arctic estuarine studies.

Enabling Under-Ice Geochemical Observations with a Size, Weight, and Power-Constrained Robot