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Tipping elements of the Earth system may shift abruptly and irreversibly fromone state to another at tipping points, resulting in a growing threat to oursociety. Yet, it is not fully clear how to assess and quantify the influence ofa tipping element and how to explore the teleconnections between differenttipping elements. To fill this knowledge gap, we propose a climate networkapproach to quantitatively analyze the global impacts of a prominent tippingelement, the Amazon Rainforest Area (ARA). We find that regions, such as, theTibetan Plateau (TP) and West Antarctic ice sheet, are characterized by highernetwork weighted links and exhibit strong correlations with the ARA. We thenidentify a teleconnection propagation path between the ARA and the TP. Thispath is robust under climate change as simulated by various climate models ofCMIP5 and CMIP6. In addition, we detect early warning signals for criticaltransition in the snow cover extent on the Tibetan Plateau by applying criticalslowing down indicators, lag-1 autocorrelation and detrended fluctuationanalysis. We find that the snow cover of the TP has been losing stability since2008, revealing that the TP is operating like a tipping element and approachinga potential tipping point. We further uncover that various climate extremesbetween the ARA and the TP are significantly synchronized under climate change.Our framework provides new insights into how tipping elements are linked toeach other and into the potential predictability of cascading tipping dynamics.

Teleconnections among Tipping Elements in the Earth System