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In this paper, we study the ecosystem of the abused Web Clips in undergroundeconomy. Through this study, we find the Web Clips is wildly used byperpetrators to penetrate iOS devices to gain profit. This work starts with1,800 user complaint documents about cyber crimes over Web Clips. We firstlylook into the ecosystem of abused Web Clips and point out the main participantsand workflow. In addition, what is the Web Clips used for is demystified. Thenthe main participants, including creators, distributors, and operators aredeeply studied based on our dataset. We try to reveal the prominent features ofthe illicit Web Clips and give some mitigation measures.  Analysis reveals that 1) SSL certificate is overwhelmingly preferred forsigning Web Clips instances compared with certificate issued by Apple. Thewildly used SSL certificates can be aggregated into a limited group. 2) Thecontent of the abused Web Clips falls into a few categories, `Gambling',`Fraud', and `Pornography' are among the top categories. 3) Instant messenger(IM) and live streaming platform are the most popular medium to trick victimsinto deploying the Web Clips. 4) The Web Clips are operated by a small amountof perpetrators, and the perpetrators tend to evade detection by takingtechnical approach, such as registering domain names through oversea domainname service provider, preferring easy-to-acquire new gTLD (global Top LevelDomain), and deploying anti-crawler tricks.  Our study gives hints on investigation of cyber crime over Web Clips, we hopethat this work can help stakeholders to stay ahead of the threat.

Measurement of the Usage of Web Clips in Underground Economy