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Nonadiabatic transition (NAT) drives a variety of x-ray-inducedphotochemistry and photophysics used in nature and various fields. To clarifythe x-ray-induced NAT dynamics, we performed nonadiabatic molecular dynamicssimulations on electronically excited tropone (Tr) dications created by thecarbon $KLL$ normal Auger decay. The Tr$^{2+}$ undergoes the NAT cascade via10-10$^2$ states with time constants of 200-400 fs. We observed populationtraps in the highly excited states in 100 fs during the NAT cascade. Thefingerprint of this population trap can be extracted from C($1s$) edge pumpO($1s$) pre-edge probe femtosecond transient x-ray absorption spectra measuredby the O($1s$) Auger electron yield method (TR-AEYS) using intense narrow bandfemtosecond x-ray free electron laser pulses. Our coupled ionization rateequation model demonstrates that selective and saturable C($1s$)core-ionization of Tr realizes background-free measurement. These resultsindicate that the importance of NAT in x-ray photochemistry and photophysics inlarge molecules. The real-time tracking of the NAT dynamics using TR-AEYS shallbe a powerful approach for deeper insight.

Population Trap in X-ray-induced Ultrafast Nonadiabatic Dynamics of Tropone Probed at the O(1\textit{s}) pre-edge