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Solar energy remained an enigma for nearly a century. For a while astronomersand physicists believed that the source of the Sun's energy was gravitationalcontraction, but the theory turned out to be untenable. Inspired by the newscience of radioactivity, by the early twentieth century they increasinglyfocused on subatomic processes. The paper outlines the attempts to solve thesolar energy problem in the period from about 1905 to 1938, which in the laterphase involved nuclear astrophysics, a new and exciting interdisciplinaryscience. Although the problem was only satisfactorily solved with Hans Bethe'stheory of the late 1930s, the earlier attempts involving scientists such asArthur Eddington, Robert Atkinson and George Gamow can be considered a slowpreparation for Bethe's breakthrough.

Before Bethe: Early Ideas of the Sun's Generation of Energy