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Internet of Vehicles(IoV) is increasingly used as a medium to propagatecritical information via establishing connections between entities such asvehicles and infrastructures. During message transmission, privacy-preservingauthentication is considered as the first line of defence against attackers andmalicious information. To achieve a more secure and stable communicationenvironment, ever-increasing numbers of blockchain-based authentication schemesare proposed. At first glance, existing approaches provide robust architecturesand achieve transparent authentication. However, in these schemes, verifiersmust connect to the blockchain network in advance and accomplish theauthentication with smart contracts, which prolongs the latency. To remedy thislimit, we propose a privacy-preserving blockchain-based authenticationprotocol(PBAG), where Root Authority(RA) generates a unique evaluation proofcorresponding to the issued certificate for each authorized vehicle. Meanwhile,RA broadcasts a public global commitment based on all valid certificates.Instead of querying certificates stored in the blockchain, the vehicle will beefficiently proved to be an authorized user by utilizing the global commitmentthrough bilinear pairing. Moreover, our scheme can prevent vehicles equippedwith invalid certificates from accomplishing the authentication, thus avoidingthe time-consuming for checking Certificate Revocation List (CRL). Finally, ourscheme provides privacy properties such as anonymity and unlinkability. Itallows anonymous authentication based on evaluation proofs and achievestraceability of identity in the event of a dispute. The simulation demonstratesthat the average time of verification is 0.36ms under the batch-enabledmechanism, outperforming existing schemes by at least 63.7%.

PBAG: A Privacy-Preserving Blockchain-based Authentication Protocol with Global-updated Commitment in IoV