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The coexistence of quantum and classical signals over the same optical fiberwith minimal degradation of the transmitted quantum information is critical foroperating large-scale quantum networks over the existing communicationsinfrastructure. Here, we systematically characterize the quantum channel thatresults from simultaneously distributing approximate single-photonpolarization-encoded qubits and classical light of varying intensities throughfiber-optic channels of up to 15~km. Using spectrally resolved quantum processtomography with a Bayesian reconstruction method we developed, we estimate thefull quantum channel from experimental photon counting data, both with andwithout classical background. Furthermore, although we find the exact channeldescription to be a weak function of the pump polarization, we neverthelessshow that the coexistent fiber-based quantum channel has high process fidelitywith an ideal depolarizing channel when the noise is dominated by Ramanscattering. These results provide a basis for the future development of quantumrepeater designs and quantum error correcting codes for real-world channels andinform models used in the analysis and simulation of quantum networks.

Coexistent quantum channel characterization using spectrally resolved Bayesian quantum process tomography