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Efficiently receiving underwater sound remotely from air is a long-standingchallenge in acoustics hindered by the large impedance mismatch at thewater-air interface. Here we introduce and experimentally demonstrate atechnique for remote and efficient water-to-air eavesdropping throughphase-engineered impedance matching metasurfaces. By judiciously engineering anultrathin mechanically-rigid boundary, we make the water-air interfaceacoustically transparent and at the same time we are able to pattern thetransmitted wavefront, enabling efficient control over the effective spatiallocation of a distant airborne sensor such that it can measure underwatersignals with large signal-to-noise ratio as if placed close to the physicalunderwater source. Such airborne eavesdropping of underwater sound isexperimentally demonstrated with a measured sensitivity enhancement exceeding38 dB at 8 kHz. We further demonstrate opportunities fororbital-angular-momentum-multiplexed communications and underwater acousticcommunications. Our metasurface opens new avenues for communication andsensing, which may be translated to nano-optics and radio-frequencies.

Remote Water-to-air Eavesdropping through Phase-Engineered Impedance Matching Metasurfaces