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Systematic geomorphological mapping and detailed landform analysis using thehighest resolution images obtained by the New Horizons spacecraft reveal thepresence of a range of differentiable terrains on Charon, the largest moon ofPluto, that were not examined in detail by the early studies. The mostimportant findings of our work include (1) truncation and omission of largecraters (diameters > 30-40 km) and their crater rim ridges along the easternedges of several north-trending, eastward-convex, arcuate ranges in Oz Terra,(2) lobate ridges, lobate knob trains, and lobate aprons resembling glacialmoraine landforms on Earth, (3) dendritic channel systems containing hangingvalleys, and (4) locally striated surfaces defined by parallel ridges, knobtrains, and grooves that are > 40-50 km in length. The above observations andthe topographic dichotomy of Charon' s encountered hemisphere can be explainedby a landscape-evolution model that involves (i) a giant impact that createdthe Vulcan Planitia basin and the extensional fault zone along its northernrim, (ii) a transient atmosphere capable of driving N2-ice glacial erosion ofthe water-ice bedrock and transporting water-ice debris to sedimentary basins,(iii) regional glacial erosion and transport of earlier emplaced impact ejectadeposits from the highlands of Oz Terra into the lowland basin of VulcanPlanitia, (iv) syn-glaciation north-trending thrusting interpreted to have beeninduced by Charon' s despinning, and (v) the development of a water-ice debriscover layer over subsurface N2 ice below Vulcan Planitia during globaldeglaciation. The infilling of the Vulcan Planitia could have been accompaniedby cryovolcanism. The extensive modification of impact craters means that thecrater size-frequency distributions from Charon should serve only as a lowerbound when used to test the formation mechanism of Kuiper belt objects.

Impacts of thrusting, extensional faulting, and glaciation on cratering  records of Pluto's largest moon Charon: Implications for the evolution of  Kuiper belt objects