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Cells control fluid flows with a spatial and temporal precision that farexceeds the capabilities of current microfluidic technologies. Cells achievethis superior spatio-temporal control by harnessing dynamic networks ofcytoskeleton and motor proteins. Thus, engineering systems to mimiccytoskeletal protein networks could lead to the development of a new,active-matter-powered microfluidic device with improved performance over theexisting technologies. However, reconstituted motor-microtubule systemsconventionally generate chaotic flows and cannot perform useful tasks. Here, wedevelop an all-optical platform for programming flow fields for transport,separation and mixing of cells and particles using networks of microtubules andmotor proteins reconstituted in vitro. We employ mathematical modeling fordesign optimization, which enables the construction of flow fields thatachieves micron-scale transport. We use the platform to demonstrate thatactive-matter-generated flow fields can probe the extensional rheology ofpolymers, such as DNA, achieve transport and mixing of beads and human cells,and isolation of human cell clusters. Our findings provide a bio-inspiredpathway for programmatically engineering dynamic micron-scale flows anddemonstrate the vast potential of active matter systems as an engineeringtechnology.

Dynamic Flow Control Through Active Matter Programming Language