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Foraging and acquiring of food is a delicate balance between managing thecosts, both energy and social, and individual preferences. Previous research onthe solitary foraging of free ranging dogs showed that they prioritized thenutritionally highest valued food patch first but do not ignore other lessvaluable food either, displaying typical scavenger behaviour. The currentexperiment was carried out on groups of dogs with the same set up to see thechange in foraging strategies, if any, under the influence of social cost likeintra-group competition. We found multiple differences between the strategiesof dogs foraging alone versus in groups with competition playing an implicitrole in the decision making of dogs when foraging in groups. Dogs were able tocontinually assess and evaluate the available resources in a patch and adjusttheir behaviour accordingly. Foraging in groups also provided benefits ofreduced individual vigilance. The various decisions and choices made seemed tohave a basis in the optimal foraging theory wherein the dogs harvested thenutritionally richest patch possible with the least risk and cost involved butwas willing to compromise if that was not possible. This underscores thecognitive, quick decision-making abilities and adaptable behaviour of thesedogs.

Eating Smart: Free-ranging dogs follow an optimal foraging strategy while scavenging in groups