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Two-dimensional (2D) materials have been used extensively in various fieldsdue to their unique physical and chemical properties. Among their diverseapplications, field-effect transistor biosensors (bio-FETs) promise a brilliantprospect in the fabrication of biodevices for diagnostics especially point ofcare (PoC) based biomedical testing. The introduction of 2D nanomaterials as asensing platform not only promotes their bioassay process but also provideslabel-free, low-cost, real-time, highly sensitive, and selective detection ofdifferent biomolecules. 2D-based bio-FETs are highly desirable for biosensingapplications due to large effective surface area, environment-dependentconductivity, being easily functionalized, biocompatible and simple fabricationprocesses. This review focuses comprehensively on 2D bio-FETs and more on bothdry and wet states. In this regard, these bio-FETs are classified into fourcategories including Apta, DNA (Geno), Immuno, and enzymatic biosensors. Theconfiguration, detection mechanism and electrical signal processing of eachcategory are discussed in response to different biotargets. Finally, theirpromising roles as PoC testing devices for modern medicine are discussed inbiomedical (real) samples.

Advances in 2D Based Field Effect Transistors as Biosensing Platforms: From Principle to Biomedical Applications