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Sustainability aspects of transportation infrastructure systems primarilyfocus on system performance based on environmental, social, and economicimpacts. In contrast, resilience aspects demonstrate the ability to withstandexternal shocks i.e. robustness as well as to recover from the loss offunctionality due to such disruptions i.e. rapidity. Therefore, sustainabilityand resilience are two key aspects which should be given adequate attentionduring the planning, design, construction, operations, and maintenance phasesof any civil infrastructure system. As both concepts are equally important tosustain an infrastructure for a longer duration, their concurrent assessmentswithin a unified framework are highly desirable. While there has been a recentfocus towards solving this dilemma, review of existing studies revealed thelack of such unifying frameworks that can quantify sustainability andresilience indicators to simultaneously assess system performance. Moreover, asingle decision or performance indicator could reinforce one and undermineanother. As such, this study proposed a forward-looking unification framework,where the sustainability and resilience of transportation infrastructuresystems can be analyzed simultaneously. In this regard, the proposed unifyingframework is explained using seven critical indicators including emission,speed, temperature, energy consumption, delay, mobility, and accessibility.This study also investigates the interdependencies, relationships, andtradeoffs between sustainability and resilience based on these indices. Whilesome indices would help the system to attain both at the same time, they arecompromised in some cases. Finally, the study identifies immediate researchneeds as well as the ones in the long-term.

Towards Unifying Resilience and Sustainability for Transportation  Infrastructure Systems: Conceptual Framework, Critical Indicators, and  Research Needs