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We present a mm-scale optical fiber strain sensor to continuously measure thefood deformation below the surface during the drying process. The sensor has asoft buffer sleeve, which enables a large measurable deformation range andminimizes the influence on the native food deformation. The sensor performancewas investigated both theoretically and experimentally. To demonstrate theapplication in foods, we embedded the sensor inside fresh banana slices duringa 4-hour-long air-drying process, where its wet basis moisture contents droppedfrom around 80% to 40%. The fiber sensor measurements covered the full normalstrain of ~20% of the banana slices and revealed the shell-hardeningcharacteristics in both the spatial and time dependences, by the comparisonwith the surface strains measured by the computer vision. Our work provides anunprecedented strain sensor that holds a high potential to contribute toimproving both fundamental understandings and process monitoring of food dryingprocesses.

Intensity-modulated optical fiber strain sensor for continuous measurements of below-the-surface food deformation during drying