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Human blockage is one of the main challenges for mmWave communicationnetworks in dynamic environments. The shadowing by a human body results insignificant received power degradation and could occur abruptly and frequently.A shadowing period of hundred milliseconds might interrupt the communicationand cause significant data loss, considering the huge bandwidth utilized inmmWave communications. An even longer shadowing period might cause along-duration link outage. Therefore, a blockage prediction mechanism has to betaken to detect the moving blocker within the vicinity of mmWave links. Bydetecting the potential blockage as early as possible, a user equipment cananticipate by establishing a new connection and performing beam training withan alternative base station before shadowing happens. This paper proposes anearly moving blocker detection mechanism by leveraging an extra guard beam toprotect the main communication beam. The guard beam is intended to sense theenvironment by expanding the field of view of a base station. The blockage canbe detected early by observing received signal fluctuation resulting from theblocker's presence within the field of view. We derive a channel model for thepre-shadowing event, design a moving blockage detection algorithm for the guardbeam, and evaluate the performance of the guard beam theoretically andexperimentally based on the measurement campaign using our mmWave testbed. Ourresults demonstrate that the guard beam can extend the detection range andpredict the blockage up to 360 ms before the shadowing occurs.

Guard Beam: Protecting mmWave Communication through In-Band Early Blockage Prediction