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The demands on performance of advanced linear accelerator based facilitiesstrongly depend on the quality of the particle beams produced by such machines.Indeed, state-of-the-art applications in photon production and high-energyphysics colliders require to use very high brightness electron beams, implyingthe coexistence of high peak currents and small transverse emittances. In suchsystems, the nominal phase-space density may be diluted by the presence ofself-induced electromagnetic fields, causing interaction among chargedparticles through space charge forces and the excitation of wakefields. The twosources of collective effects may both be present in significant levels, and becoupled by the strong externally applied transverse and longitudinal fieldspresent in modern high gradient linear accelerators. Thus, beam dynamicsstudies investigating all relevant effects, applied and collective, arenecessary to predict the operational limitations of a given instrument. Suchmodeling, involving a large number of computational particles, can requiresignificant numerical resources. In this paper we present a fast tracking codewhich permits accurate evaluation of wakefield effects in rf linacs, while alsoincluding a simple, robust model for space-charge forces to streamline thecomputations. The features of such a tool are discussed in detail in this paperand comparisons with more time-intensive commonly used tracking codes oranalytical models are utilized to validate the approach we introduce. Inaddition, the applications motivating the development of this code defineunique and challenging scenarios from the perspective of beam physics.Specifically, the fast simulation framework developed in this paper aims todescribe intense electron beams injected at low energy in high-gradientaccelerating structures which introduce strong rf focusing as well as strongwakefield interactions.

A fast tracking code for evaluating collective effects in linear accelerators