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We propose covert beamforming design frameworks for integrated radar sensingand communication (IRSC) systems, where the radar can covertly communicate withlegitimate users under the cover of the probing waveforms without beingdetected by the eavesdropper. Specifically, by jointly designing the targetdetection beamformer and communication beamformer, we aim to maximize the radardetection mutual information (MI) (or the communication rate) subject to thecovert constraint, the communication rate constraint (or the radar detection MIconstraint), and the total power constraint. For the perfect eavesdropper'schannel state information (CSI) scenario, we transform the covert beamformingdesign problems into a series of convex subproblems, by exploiting semidefiniterelaxation, which can be solved via the bisection search method. Consideringthe high complexity of iterative optimization, we further propose asingle-iterative covert beamformer design scheme based on the zero-forcingcriterion. For the imperfect eavesdropper's CSI scenario, we develop arelaxation and restriction method to tackle the robust covert beamformingdesign problems. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of theproposed covert beamforming schemes for perfect and imperfect CSI scenarios.

Covert Beamforming Design for Integrated Radar Sensing and Communication Systems