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Strongly bound excitons and many-body interactions between them determinelight-matter interactions in van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures of 2Dsemiconductors. Unlike fundamental particles, quasiparticles in condensedmatter, such as excitons, can be tailored to alter their interactions andrealize emergent quantum phases. Here, using a WS$_2$/WSe$_2$/WS$_2$heterotrilayer, we create a quantum superposition of oppositely orienteddipolar excitons - a quadrupolar exciton - wherein an electron islayer-hybridized in WS$_2$ layers while the hole localizes in WSe$_2$. Incontrast to dipolar excitons, symmetric quadrupolar excitons only redshift inan out-of-plane electric field, consistent with ab initio calculations,regaining dipolar characteristics at higher fields. Electric field tunes thehybridization and allows for lifetime control through modification of theexcitonic wavefunction. Lack of density-dependent blue shift of heterotrilayerexcitons compared to dipolar excitons is consistent with quadrupolarinteractions. Our results present vdW heterotrilayers as a field-tunableplatform to engineer light-matter interactions and explore quantum phasetransitions between spontaneously ordered many-exciton phases.

Quadrupolar excitons in a tunnel-coupled van der Waals heterotrilayer