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We theoretically investigate the real-time transient responses of atwo-dimensional (2D) electron gas with anisotropic Rashba spin-orbit coupling(SOC) to laser pulses. Through explicitly monitoring the time-dependentphotocurrents and spin polarization under different linear polarizations of thelaser pulse, we find that the transient breaking of the mirror symmetry incombination with the anisotropy of the Rashba SOC results in significantdistinction between the charge-mediated and the spin-mediated contributions tothe photocurrents. Such distinction is obtained by analyzing the dependence ofthe symmetry-breaking induced (transverse) components of the photocurrents onthe linear polarization angle of the laser pulse. This suggests a possibilityof inferring spin-mediated processes in photocurrents without the use ofcircularly polarized lights. Moreover, the interplay between transient symmetrybreaking and the anisotropy of the Rashba SOC also leads to transiently nonzerospin polarization components that are otherwise zero in the steady-state limitand the linear response regime. Especially, the out-of-plane spin polarizationcomponent can be induced or turned off by controlling the relative orientationof the linear polarization with respect to the symmetry axis of the 2Delectronic system, without involving material-intrinsic magnetization effects.Our findings demonstrate the efficacy of a particular coordination between thepolarization of the ultrafast laser pulses and the spatial symmetry of theelectronic materials in directing the real-time charge and the spin responsesthat are fundamental to the development of ultrafast spintronics in solidstates.

Exploiting anisotropic Rashba effects on real-time photocurrents and spin polarization for transient symmetry breaking