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Nowadays, patenting activities are essential in converting applied science totechnology in the prevailing innovation model. To gain strategic advantages inthe technological competitions between regions, nations need to leverage theinvestments of public and private funds to diversify over all technologies orspecialize in a small number of technologies. In this paper, we investigatedwho the leaders are at the regional and assignee levels, how they attainedtheir leadership positions, and whether they adopted diversification orspecialization strategies, using a dataset of 176,193 patent records ongraphene between 1986 and 2017 downloaded from Derwent Innovation. By applyinga co-clustering method to the IPC subclasses in the patents and using a z-scoremethod to extract keywords from their titles and abstracts, we identified sevengraphene technology areas emerging in the sequence synthesis - composites -sensors - devices - catalyst - batteries - water treatment. We then examinedthe top regions in their investment preferences and their changes in rankingsover time and found that they invested in all seven technology areas. Incontrast, at the assignee level, some were diversified while others werespecialized. We found that large entities diversified their portfolios acrossmultiple technology areas, while small entities specialized around their corecompetencies. In addition, we found that universities had higher entropy valuesthan corporations on average, leading us to the hypothesis that corporationsfile, buy, or sell patents to enable product development. In contrast,universities focus only on licensing their patents. We validated thishypothesis through an aggregate analysis of reassignment and licensing and amore detailed analysis of three case studies - SAMSUNG, RICE UNIVERSITY, andDYSON.

Strategic differences between regional investments into graphene technology and how corporations and universities manage patent portfolios