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Tandem perovskite solar cells beckon as lower cost alternatives toconventional single junction solar cells, with all-perovskite tandemphotovoltaic architectures showing power conversion efficiencies up to 26.4%.Solution-processing approaches for the perovskite layers have enabled rapid2optimization of perovskite solar technologies, but new deposition routes arenecessary to enable modularity and scalability, facilitating further efficiencyimprovements and technology adoption. Here, we utilise a 4-source vacuumdeposition method to deposit FA$_{0.7}$ Cs$_{0.3}$Pb(I$_x$Br$_{1-x}$)$_3$perovskite, where the bandgap is widened through fine control over the halidecontent. We show how the combined use of a MeO-2PACz self-assembled monolayeras hole transporting material and passivation of the perovskite absorber withethylenediammonium diiodide reduces non-radiative losses, with thisdual-interface treatment resulting in efficiencies of 17.8% in solar cellsbased on vacuum deposited perovskites with bandgap of 1.76 eV. By similarlypassivating a narrow bandgap FA$_{0.75}$Cs$_{0.25}$Pb$_{0.5}$Sn$_{0.5}$I$_3$perovskite and combining it with sub-cells of evaporatedFA$_{0.7}$Cs$_{0.3}$Pb(I$_{0.64}$Br$_{0.36}$)$_3$, we report a 2-terminalall-perovskite tandem solar cell with champion open circuit voltage and powerconversion efficiency of 2.06 V and 24.1%, respectively. The implementation ofour dry deposition method enables high reproducibility in complex devicearchitectures, opening avenues for modular, scalable multi-junction deviceswhere the substrate choice is unrestricted.

Efficient all-perovskite tandem solar cells by dual-interface optimisation of vacuum-deposited wide-bandgap perovskite