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In the visible spectrum vortex beams have found various applications, rangingfrom optical tweezers to super-resolution imaging. Recently, these beams havebeen demonstrated using X-rays and electron beams. However, so far, no in-depthdiscussion has been carried out on the vortex quality, which could becomeessential for a variety of vortex applications. Here, we investigate the modeconversion efficiency (MCE), vortex structure and stability (in terms of vortexsplitting) of the vortex fields generated by spiral zone plates (SZP). We havedesigned and fabricated SZPs with varying topological charge of both binary andkinoform profile. Kinoforms are known for their 100 % diffraction efficiency inthe ideal case. In this work, both types are contrasted with regard to thevortex quality. Utilizing ptychographic coherent diffraction imaging and bycomparing to simulations the wavefront of the generated fields ischaracterized. It was found, that the MCE and vortex structure exhibit the samedependencies on material and ZP properties as the diffraction efficiency (DE)and that the kinoform profile in this sense also improves the vortex quality.With growing SZP charge the MCE decreases. The results link the parameters ofoptics to the properties of the vortices and help to maximize the performanceof ZP based vortex generators for future applications.

Mode purity and structural analysis of x-ray vortices generated by spiral zone plates