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In this article we set out to understand the significance of the processmatrix formalism and the quantum causal modelling programme for ongoingdisputes about the role of causation in fundamental physics. We argue that theprocess matrix programme has correctly identified a notion of 'causal order'which plays an important role in fundamental physics, but this notion is weakerthan the common-sense conception of causation because it does not involveasymmetry. We argue that causal order plays an important role in grounding morefamiliar causal phenomena. Then we apply these conclusions to the causalmodelling programme within quantum foundations, arguing that sinceno-signalling quantum correlations cannot exhibit causal order, they should notbe analysed using classical causal models. This resolves an open question abouthow to interpret fine-tuning in classical causal models of no-signallingcorrelations. Finally we observe that a quantum generalization of causalmodelling can play a similar functional role to standard causal reasoning, butwe emphasize that this functional characterisation does not entail that quantumcausal models offer novel explanations of quantum processes.

Is There Causation in Fundamental Physics? New Insights from Process Matrices and Quantum Causal Modelling